检眼镜检查

定义

检眼镜检查 is an examination of the back part of the eye (fundus), which includes the 视网膜视盘; 脉络和血管.

选择的名字

Funduscopy; Funduscopic exam

如何执行测试

There are different types of ophthalmoscopy.

• 直接检眼镜检查. 你将坐在一个黑暗的房间里. The health care provider performs this exam by shining a beam of light through the pupil using an instrument called an ophthalmoscope. An ophthalmoscope is about the size of a flashlight. It has a light and different small lenses that allow the provider to view the back of the eyeball.
• 间接检眼镜检查. You will either lie or sit in a semi-reclined position. The provider holds your eye open while shining a very bright light into the eye using an instrument worn on the head. (The instrument looks like a miner's light.) The provider views the back of the eye through a lens held close to your eye. Some pressure may be applied to the eye using a small, blunt probe. You will be asked to look in various directions. This exam is usually used to look for a 分离视网膜.
• 裂隙灯检眼镜检查. You will sit in a chair with the instrument placed in front of you. You will be asked to rest your chin and forehead on a support to keep your head steady. The provider will use the microscope part of the slit lamp and a tiny lens placed close to the front of the eye. The provider can see about the same with this technique as with indirect ophthalmoscopy, but with higher magnification and narrower field of view.

The ophthalmoscopy examination takes about 5 to 10 minutes.

如何准备考试

间接检眼镜检查 and slit-lamp ophthalmoscopy are often performed after eyedrops are placed to widen (dilate) the pupils. 直接检眼镜检查 and slit-lamp ophthalmoscopy can be performed with or without the pupil dilated.

如果你有以下情况，你应该告诉你的十大赌博平台排行榜:

• 对什么药物过敏吗
• 你在吃药吗?
• 有 青光眼 或者有青光眼家族史

考试的感觉如何

The bright light will be uncomfortable, but the test is not painful.

You may briefly see images after the light shines in your eyes. The light is brighter with indirect ophthalmoscopy, so the sensation of seeing after-images may be greater.

Pressure on the eye during indirect ophthalmoscopy may be slightly uncomfortable, 但这不应该是痛苦的.

If eyedrops are used, they may sting briefly when placed in the eyes. You may also have an unusual taste in your mouth.

为什么要进行测试

检眼镜检查 may be done as part of a routine physical but is always part of a complete eye examination.

It is used to detect and evaluate symptoms of 视网膜l detachment or eye diseases such as 青光眼.

检眼镜检查 may also be done if you have signs or symptoms of high blood pressure, 糖尿病, or other diseases that affect the blood vessels.

正常的结果

The 视网膜, blood vessels, and the optic disc appear normal.

异常结果意味着什么

Abnormal results may be seen on ophthalmoscopy with any of the following conditions:

• 视网膜的病毒性炎症(巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎)
• 糖尿病
• 青光眼
• 高血压
• 失去锐利的中央视力是因为 老年性黄斑变性
• 眼睛黑色素瘤
• 视神经问题
• Separation of the 视网膜 in the back of the eye from its supporting layers (视网膜l detachment)

检眼镜检查 is considered to be 90% to 95% accurate. It can detect the early stages and effects of many serious diseases. For conditions that cannot be detected by ophthalmoscopy, there are other techniques and devices that may be helpful.

风险

If you receive drops to dilate your eyes for the ophthalmoscopy, your vision will be blurred.

• Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from sunlight, which can damage your eyes.
• 有人开车送你回家吗.
• The drops usually wear off in several hours.

测试本身没有风险. In rare cases, the dilating eyedrops cause:

• 窄角型青光眼发作
• 头晕
• 口干
• 冲洗
• 恶心和呕吐

If narrow-angle 青光眼 is suspected, dilating drops are usually not used.

参考文献

Atebara NH, Miller D, Thall EH, Brodie SE. 眼科仪器. 见:Yanoff M, Duker JS编. 眼科学. 6日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 2.5.

Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW. 眼睛. In: Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, eds. 赛德尔体格检查指南. 10日艾德. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2023:chap 12.

查克RS, 邓恩SP, Flaxel CJ; American Academy of 眼科学 Preferred Practice Pattern Committee, 等. Comprehensive adult medical eye evaluation preferred practice pattern. 眼科学. 2021;128(1):1-29. www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(20)31026-5/fulltext. 2020年11月12日发布.